Civil Engineering Articles



How to Concrete is made

In its simplest form, concrete is a mixture of paste and aggregates, or rocks. The paste, composed of Portland cement and water, coats the surface of the fine (small) and coarse (larger) aggregates. Through a chemical reaction called hydration, the paste hardens and gains strength to form the rock-like mass known as concrete. Within this process lies the key to a remarkable trait of concrete: it’s plastic and malleable when newly mixed, strong and durable when hardened. These qualities explain why one material, concrete, can build skyscrapers, bridges, sidewalks and…

Corrosion Protection

Corrosion protection of underwater pile is essential in aqua construction. Eliminating this corrosion problem is very hard, the corrosion is control by using corrosion protection methods. Corrosion Protection Methods for Underwater Piles Protective Coatings for Underwater Piles Protective coating for underwater piles is necessary as it causes corrosion of piles. The Corrosion protection of underwater pile methods provides a great solution to corrosion of underwater piles. The surface of pile comes in contact with water, corrosion in piles forms. To protect the piles from coming in contact with water, the pile is cover with…

Repairing Concrete Column Cracks and Damages

Repairing concrete column cracks and damages is essential. The column concrete damages are becoming critical in mass structures like shopping malls, commercial buildings. To carry out the column repair identify the axial dead load, live load, and horizontal load. Repairing concrete columns are two category Surface or cosmetic  –  covers local deterioration structural repair –   strengthens the affected columns. Repairing Concrete Methods for cracks and damages 1. Unloading Columns unloading the column is necessary. Entire cross-section of the repair column is capable of carrying the reintroduce design load. Without unloading, new repair does not carry any load. Drying…

Roof Repairs, Repairs of Roof for Damages and Leakages

Reasons of Roof Repairing   1. Damages Roofs of Asbestos Sheet and Polycarbonate materials leak if joints get loose by the wind. Connecting screws loosen up making up holes bigger creating leakages. Damage roof are not take care, water seeps into roofs and accumulates underneath roof seeps into beams, through ceilings, into the home. Damage is by the broke, loose, missing, or water-logged surface. If water penetrates to roof for a long period of time, a home’s structure gets damage. To avoid unnecessary water damage, the roof to maintain regularly. And the…

Screed in Concrete Construction

Screed in concrete construction is a process of cutting off the excess wet concrete. And to bring top surface slab to a proper level. And to provide a good smooth floor. A screed is a flat board uses to smoothen the concrete. Properties and composition of the screed A screed is a construction element constructs in a range of thickness. Its purpose is to bring the surface of the flooring to the design height. And to provide a suitable surface for installing the specific flooring. The screed is a flat board or an aluminum…

Steel Corrosion Control Methods

Steel Corrosion control methods are essential to prevent damage and the failure of structures. 40% of failure of structures are by corrosion of inner steel. Steel corrosion control methods carry mostly in the structure that locates in coastal areas. And steel structures like tower transmission lines, cell phone towers, etc. There are many causes of corrosion. It relates to the quality of concrete and quality of construction. The first step in corrosion of steel is to provide good quality of concrete. The quality of concrete materials, mixing and compaction and workmanship help to control…

Causes of Cracks in Concrete Structures

There are many Causes of Cracks in concrete structures, they are Thermal movement The permeability of concrete. Corrosion of Reinforcement Creep Moisture Movement Structural design and specifications Poor Construction practices. Improper maintenance 1.Thermal movement All materials expand on heating and contract on cooling. The thermal movement depends on temperature variations, dimensions, a coefficient of thermal expansion and physical properties of materials. The external exposed to direct solar radiation and the roof subject to thermal variation is liable to cracking. Remedial Measures: Thermal joints avoid by expansion joints, control joints and…

Pile Cap Construction Procedure

A pile cap is a mass concrete structure contains more piles embeds in it. A group of pill drives into clay, soft, and loose soils to provide a strong, stable and suitable foundation. The pile designs considering the punching shea around the heads of the piles and column base. It also designs for bending moment due to the transmission of loads from columns to the individual piles. Pile cap Necessity Pile is necessary when the bearing capacity of soil below the structure is insufficient for a spread footing. It transfers the load…